La crisis es valorada fundamentalmente como una crisis económica, aunque en realidad afecta también a lo político y lo social. Por eso, la primera tarea debe consistir en replantear los axiomas de la economía que han desembocado en la creencia en el Homo economicus y la apología de la competitividad. Frente a ello, convendría desarrollar una política de la cooperación, que aquí recibe el nombre de contrademocracia. Esta cooperación no debería tener miedo del conflicto ni del rol, muchas veces problemático, (...) que debe desempeñar el otro, y ella encuentra su mejor ejemplificación en la concepción de la comunidad desarrollada por Jean-Luc Nancy y Roberto Esposito, lo que aquí llamamos una comunidad de la diferencia. (shrink)

En este artículo se realiza una aproximación a la moralidad desde una perspectiva neurológica que procura resaltar los aspectos prosociales del cerebro aunque también su inherente neuroplasticidad. Con esto se trata de recusar algunas de las frecuentes explicaciones que, de manera consciente o no, acaban por ofrecer un cuadro simplista y muchas veces determinista de la naturaleza humana. Asimismo se apela a un uso responsable y reflexivo de las neurociencias, enfatizando que el estudio del cerebro debe tener un carácter interdisciplinar. (...) La neurología aporta un conocimiento que es muy provechoso para una exploración biológica de la ética, como es el caso de las neuronas espejo, cuya existencia revaloriza la importancia del otro, quizá también como uno de los ingredientes cruciales de la moral. (shrink)

En este artículo se propone repensar la cuestión específica de la autoridad y captar cómo se entrelaza con la acción y la performatividad. Primero, se lleva a cabo una exposición de la acción según el pensamiento de Arendt y se muestra su carácter rupturista, natalicio y performativo. Luego, se aborda el problema de la performatividad en Butler y cómo no puede ser explicada exclusivamente desde la perspectiva de los actores. A continuación, se conecta lo anterior con la cuestión de la (...) autoridad y se plantea una reconsideración de ésta que nos puede ayudar a comprender cómo los espectadores pueden tener un rol activo y productivo en el éxito de la acción y en su incidencia en el mundo. (shrink)

La crisis es valorada fundamentalmente como una crisis económica, aunque en realidad afecta también a lo político y lo social. Por eso, la primera tarea debe consistir en replantear los axiomas de la economía que han desembocado en la creencia en el Homo economicus y la apología de la competitividad. Frente a ello, convendría desarrollar una política de la cooperación, que aquí recibe el nombre de contrademocracia. Esta cooperación no debería tener miedo del conflicto ni del rol, muchas veces problemático, (...) que debe desempeñar el otro, y ella encuentra su mejor ejemplificación en la concepción de la comunidad desarrollada por Jean-Luc Nancy y Roberto Esposito, lo que aquí llamamos una comunidad de la diferencia. (shrink)

In this paper, I focus on Arendt’s concept of revolution in order to tackle the intricate relationship among past, present and future in the fields of action and politics. For this purpose, I propose to rethink the concept of authority and to show its possible connection with action and revolution. On the basis of her reflections on the American Revolution, I claim that authority and Arendt’s concept of power are not incompatible and can appear together. On the other hand, I (...) hold that if power seeks to found, establish and consolidate a new republic, it requires to be endorsed by authority. Authority can provide a horizon of longevity that is not present within power and can enable the task of foundation to succeed. (shrink)

In this paper I examine how Hobbes’ philosophy can be read from an Arendtian perspective. I argue that Arendt provided two different interpretations of Hobbes: one set down in The Origins of Totalitarianism, where Hobbes is depicted as the spokesman of the emerging bourgeoisie; and another that she developed later, scattered among various texts such as The Human Condition and Between Past and Future. I focus on this second interpretation and on her analysis of concepts such as common sense, authority (...) and sovereignty. Firstly, I examine how she changes the meaning of common sense, and how this shift is linked to what Arendt understands by the expression “estrangement from the world.” Secondly, I explain how Hobbes redefined the concept of authority and how his notion of sovereignty deliberately conflated the dual concepts of authority and power. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es profundizar en el pensamiento de Arendt y estudiar su interpretación del mundo griego, en diálogo con el estado actual de la historia de la antigua Grecia, en especial por lo que se refiere a los conceptos de acción, nomos y libertad, así como a la importancia del espacio político del ágora. Además, se tiene el objetivo de rebatir esa amplia recepción que le atribuye una suerte de ingenua grecomanía y de mostrar las limitaciones que (...) ella misma observa en el planteamiento político de la polis. Lo que se descubre es que Arendt no encuentra en la antigua Grecia ninguno de los contrapesos de la acción que considera necesarios para que ésta no caiga en la _hybris_, como son el perdón, la promesa y la autoridad, o que el concepto romano de _lex_, debido a su carácter relacional, resulta mucho más cercano a su comprensión de la política que el griego de _nomos_. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar y problematizar la influencia de Rousseau en Robespierre y, desde este ejemplo, examinar la cuestión de las influencias en general. Este artículo se propone rebatir esas interpretaciones en las que Robespierre es descrito básicamente como una especie de mera aplicación o extensión práctica del pensamiento de Rousseau. Para ello, se examinan las diferentes problemáticas relativas a su “gran influencia”: entre otras cosas, las contradicciones de este pensador con lo que se dijo en su (...) nombre, cómo fue reivindicado prácticamente por todos los bandos (incluso contrarrevolucionarios) o cómo hubo otras influencias muy importantes entre los principales actores revolucionarios (como la Antigüedad grecorromana). También se destaca que, aunque fuese de manera elogiosa, Rousseau fue poco citado explícitamente por Robespierre, razón por la que discursos son analizados en detalle, y se combinan este tipo de análisis internalistas con otros externalistas o contextuales. Con todo ello no se pretende negar la influencia, sino matizarla y mostrar cómo la recepción de Rousseau durante la Revolución Francesa fue productiva, compleja, coyuntural, cambiante y públicamente competida. De hecho, a menudo fue más importante la dimensión simbólica que la propiamente discursiva. (shrink)

En este artículo se quiere reflexionar acerca del papel de la tradición, la memoria y la revolución desde la obra de Benjamin y de Arendt. Para ello se aborda para empezar el posicionamiento del primero, en diálogo con Marx y otros revolucionarios del siglo XIX con el fin de ahondar en la importancia de la memoria para el presente y el futuro. Luego se analiza el pensamiento de Arendt para reflexionar sobre la tradición revolucionaria, sobre el uso revolucionario de la (...) tradición clásica durante la Revolución americana y sobre la olvidada república de consejos en la tradición revolucionaria. Ambos pensadores se proponen incorporar las cuestiones de la tradición y de la memoria en el presente, pero de tal modo que no se caiga en actitudes tradicionalistas o fetichistas. (shrink)

En este trabajo se explora la comprensión del espacio político en Hannah Arendt. Primero, se estudiará la estrecha relación entre espacio y poder, tomando como ejemplo la apropiación del People’s Park por los estudiantes de Berkeley mencionado en Sobre la Violencia. Acto seguido, se da cuenta de cómo y por qué la reacción de las autoridades se centra en la recuperación y desalojo del parque ocupado, en tanto que espacio de poder, y se intenta reducir a la impotencia a los (...) estudiantes que protestaban. En la tercera parte del texto se conecta lo anterior con lo que esta autora entiende por “desierto” y “oasis” y se explica cómo el mundo se encuentra amenazado por un proceso de desertización que extingue lo político. Finalmente, se explica que los espacios, para ser políticos, dependen de su carácter relacional y que por eso no pueden ser identificados con un solo tipo de espacio determinado. (shrink)

En este trabajo se explora la comprensión del espacio político en Hannah Arendt. Primero, se estudiará la estrecha relación entre espacio y poder, tomando como ejemplo la apropiación del People’s Park por los estudiantes de Berkeley mencionado en Sobre la Violencia. Acto seguido, se da cuenta de cómo y por qué la reacción de las autoridades se centra en la recuperación y desalojo del parque ocupado, en tanto que espacio de poder, y se intenta reducir a la impotencia a los (...) estudiantes que protestaban. En la tercera parte del texto se conecta lo anterior con lo que esta autora entiende por “desierto” y “oasis” y se explica cómo el mundo se encuentra amenazado por un proceso de desertización que extingue lo político. Finalmente, se explica que los espacios, para ser políticos, dependen de su carácter relacional y que por eso no pueden ser identificados con un solo tipo de espacio determinado. (shrink)

Este escrito reivindica el poco recordado artículo 29.1 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos ante todo por dos razones: primero, porque reivindica el deber del individuo hacia la comunidad, tan importante para el cumplimiento real de los mismos derechos; segundo, porque este cumplimiento conduce además a un cuestionamiento constructivo sobre el resto de derechos de la Declaración y podría ser un fundamento para una ulterior revisión y regeneración. El artículo 29.1 interpela al individuo a la acción y lo (...) invita a convertirse en un ciudadano en un sentido pleno, intentando superar cierta retórica de los derechos humanos, muchas veces instrumental y perjudicial, otras un factor de despolitización. (shrink)

This article proposes to reread authority from a traditionally anti-authoritarian perspective such as the anarchist one and, specifically, from Bakunin’s thought. To this end, I analyze some little studied texts of the Russian anarchist and show that, despite his criticisms of authority, he did not want to abolish authority but to rethink and transform it. Bakunin’s proposal consisted in seeking an alternative face to hegemonic authority, which he explores from its most everyday and relational dimension and where it appears as (...) a close, spontaneous and more democratic reality that is based on freedom. Afterwards, the question of authority is examined from its more practical side, where the question of authority connects with the so-called “moral authority” and serves to question the classic hierarchical relationship between theory and action. In his reinterpretation of authority Bakunin finds a kind of power that goes beyond power and traditional authority. (shrink)

Vulnerability is an important concern of moral philosophy, political philosophy and many discussions in applied ethics. Yet the concept itself—what it is and why it is morally salient—is under-theorized. _Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Applied Ethics _brings together theorists working on conceptualizing vulnerability as an action-guiding principle in these discussions, as well as bioethicists, medical ethicists and public policy theorists working on instances of vulnerability in specific contexts. This volume offers new and innovative work by Joel Anderson, Carla Bagnoli, Samia Hurst, Catriona (...) Mackenzie and Christine Straehle, who together provide a discussion of the concept of vulnerability from the perspective of individual autonomy. The exchanges among authors will help show the heuristic value of vulnerability that is being developed in the context of liberal political theory and moral philosophy. The book also illustrates how applying the concept of vulnerability to some of the most pressing moral questions in applied ethics can assist us in making moral judgments. This highly innovative and interdisciplinary approach will help those grappling with questions of vulnerability in medical ethics—both theorists and practitioners—by providing principles along which to decide hard cases. (shrink)

An easy-to-use A-Z guide to a body of work that spans philosophy, sociology, politics, law and cultural theory, this is an essential reference guide to one of the most important social theorists of the last century.

While children’s experiences of online risks and harm is a growing area of research in New Zealand, public discussion on the matter has largely been informed by mainstream media’s fixation on the dangers of technology. At best, debate on risks online has relied on overseas evidence. However, insights reflecting the New Zealand context and based on representative data are still needed to guide policy discussion, create awareness, and inform the implementation of prevention and support programmes for children. This research report (...) presents findings from a quantitative study regarding different aspects related to risks and online safety. It looks at the online experiences that children find bothersome and upsetting and explores the hurtful behaviours they encounter or engage in, both online and in person. Evidence regarding exposure to different types of potentially harmful online content is also presented. Another relevant contribution is the insights related to excessive internet use.The findings presented in this report are based on data from 2,061 New Zealand children aged 9-17. We hope the findings will contribute to the development of policies, practices and services designed to support New Zealand children to safely take advantage of the opportunities available to them online. (shrink)

Research and practice about self-determination in the context of disability has centred on teaching skills and providing support to help people with impairments to be independent. However, limited research exists about the impact of Information and Communication Technologies, in particular social media and mobile devices, on the development of self-determination skills among people with disabilities. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study which collected data from observations, a researcher diary, focus groups, individual interviews and data from social media. (...) The focus of the study was on young people with vision impairments who were transitioning to university life. The study found that the participants developed self-determination skills by using and adapting collaborative and interactive online tools and mobile devices according to their transition needs. This finding expands the understanding of the implications of new technologies for young people with disabilities’ personal development and the enhancement of self-determination. (shrink)

Volume 18, Issue 2, May 2024, Page 123-125.

While children’s interaction with digital technologies is a matter of interest around the world, evidence based on nationally representative data about how integrated these tools are in children’s everyday life is still limited in New Zealand. This research report presents findings from a study that explores children’s internet access, online skills, practices, and opportunities. This report is part of Netsafe’s research project Ngā taiohi matihiko o Aotearoa - New Zealand Kids Online, and our first publication as a member of Global (...) Kids Online. Generating insightful, reliable evidence about New Zealand children’s online experiences is vital to develop adequate support that reflects children’s experiences and needs. This, in turn, will help them to manage online risks and potential harm from behaviours such as cyberbullying, harassment, and other forms of abuse and intimidation. (shrink)

Research on transition to higher education and young people with disabilities has increased in recent years. However, there is still limited understanding of transition issues and how digital technologies, such as social media and mobile devices, are used by this group of students to manage these issues. This article presents the findings of an empirical study that addressed this matter based on young people’s views and experiences. The qualitative study was conducted in the context of a group of students with (...) vision impairments transitioning to a New Zealand university. The findings draw from observations, a researcher diary, focus groups, individual interviews, and data from social media. The study shows that, like their non-disabled peers, the students actively engaged with interactive and collaborative digital technologies to make sense, individually and collectively, of different transition issues before, during and after the first academic trimester of their university journey. (shrink)

El artículo busca analizar la paradoja que se puede descubrir en Amoris Laetitia entre una espiritualidad desde abajo y una espiritualidad desde arriba. El Papa Francisco busca romper esta tensión entre el ideal y la realidad a través del desarrollo de una espiritualidad familiar que se encuentra con Dios a partir de las flaquezas, de la incapacidad e incluso de los pecados. Ahora bien, cuando se refiere a temas propios de la moral conyugal y familiar, no puede sino articularlo desde (...) arriba, es decir, desde un ideal determinado que muchas veces prescinde del acercamiento fenomenológico, sin embargo, la paradoja encuentra caminos de solución a través de su concepción de la conciencia y el discernimiento. (shrink)

How to assess and deal with the claims of millions of displaced people to find refuge and asylum in safe and prosperous countries is one of the most pressing issues of modern political philosophy. In this timely volume, fresh insights are offered into the political and moral implications of refugee crises and the treatment of asylum seekers. The contributions illustrate the widening of the debate over what is owed to refugees, and why it is assumed that national state actors and (...) the international community owe special consideration and protection. Among the specific issues discussed are refugees' rights and duties, refugee selection, whether repatriation can be encouraged or required, and the ethics of sanctuary policies. (shrink)

Over the last ten years the sharing of nude images or videos (sometimes known as “sexting”) by young people has emerged as a concern. Despite this, no research had been conducted on the prevalence of the sharing of nudes among young New Zealanders. This study addresses this and raises important questions for all those with a role in supporting young people’s healthy development. We believe this report makes an important contribution to the overall understanding of young people’s experience of these (...) behaviours. However, it only provides a snapshot, and more work is required to understand how best to support young people as they navigate the challenges and potential risks. This report is being released as part of a larger project exploring young people’s experiences of digital risk and harm, carried out by a partnership between Netsafe and the Ministry for Women. (shrink)

The grounds for global solidarity have been theorized and conceptualized in recent years, and many have argued that we need a global concept of solidarity. But the question remains: what can motivate efforts of the international community and nation-states? Our focus is the grounding of solidarity with respect to global inequities in health. We explore what considerations could motivate acts of global solidarity in the specific context of health migration, and sketch briefly what form this kind of solidarity could take. (...) First, we argue that the only plausible conceptualization of persons highlights their interdependence. We draw upon a conception of persons as ‘ecological subjects’ and from there illustrate what such a conception implies with the example of nurses migrating from low and middle-income countries to more affluent ones. Next, we address potential critics who might counter any such understanding of current international politics with a reference to real-politik and the insights of realist international political theory. We argue that national governments – while not always or even often motivated by moral reasons alone – may nevertheless be motivated to acts of global solidarity by prudential arguments. Solidarity then need not be, as many argue, a function of charitable inclination, or emergent from an acknowledgment of injustice suffered, but may in fact serve national and transnational interests. We conclude on a positive note: global solidarity may be conceptualized to helpfully address global health inequity, to the extent that personal and transnational interdependence are enough to motivate national governments into action. (shrink)

Journal of Social Philosophy, EarlyView.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their mathematical pedagogical content knowledge and to determine effect of demographic variables (Gender, year of study) on their mathematical pedagogical content knowledge. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data from 104 pre-service teachers. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to examine pre-service teachers’ perceived knowledge of teaching strategies, mathematical language and symbols, misconceptions, curriculum, and their perceived knowledge of learners. Results show that in general, (...) majority pre-service teachers have strong perceptions of their mathematical pedagogical content knowledge. They consider lesson planning, purpose of the mathematics curriculum and assessment tools used in a mathematics classroom as important aspects of their perceived knowledge of the curriculum. It was also revealed that their perceived knowledge of misconception would enable them to know and anticipate their learners’ misconceptions. However, results also indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in pre-service teachers’ mathematical pedagogical content knowledge based on gender and year of study. Study implications are also discussed. (shrink)

International migration has a female face in the beginning of the twenty-first century; since at least 1990, a total of 49 percent of international migrants have been women (UN 2008).1 Many women relocate in pursuit of goals that they can’t realize in their countries of origin, and many women move on their own to developed countries as caregivers to the very old or the very young, as nurses to attend to the sick in hospitals, and as domestic workers.2 How should (...) we regard their decisions to do so? One way of thinking about such moves is to deplore the fact that women have to move in order to attain certain goals in their lives; it would be more desirable to live in a world that would not make such moves necessary... (shrink)

This article introduces Transition 2.0, a paradigm shift designed to study and support students with disabilities' transition to higher education. Transition 2.0 is the result of a qualitative study about how a group of young people with vision impairments used digital technologies for their transition to university. The findings draw from observations, a researcher diary, focus groups, individual interviews, and data from social media. The article discusses a conventional view of transition, referred to here as Transition 1.0, which has dominated (...) disability-related research and service provision in higher education. It counters this view by further developing the conceptual framework for Transition 2.0. The findings expand current conceptual approaches to transition by incorporating in the analysis the role played by digital tools such as social media and mobile devices. They also provide a new lens through which to study and understand student engagement in higher education. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Leben als Symbol" verfügbar.

Discusses primary & elementary principles of law & ethics in the context of jurisprudence. The history of Roman law, common law & American law are discussed as are the distinctions in relation to law & morals between American & English governmental forms.

Alan Turing is often portrayed as a materialist in secondary literature. In the present article, I suggest that Turing was instead an idealist, inspired by Cambridge scholars, Arthur Eddington, Ernest Hobson, James Jeans and John McTaggart. I outline Turing’s developing thoughts and his legacy in the USA to date. Specifically, I contrast Turing’s two notions of computability (both from 1936) and distinguish between Turing’s “machine intelligence” in the UK and the more well-known “artificial intelligence” in the USA. According to my (...) proposed historical interpretation, Turing did not view computations in the real world to be exhaustively and deterministically characterized by his automatic machines from 1936. (shrink)

In the popular imagination, the relevance of Turing's theoretical ideas to people producing actual machines was significant and appreciated by everybody involved in computing from the moment he published his 1936 paper ‘On Computable Numbers’. Careful historians are aware that this popular conception is deeply misleading. We know from previous work by Campbell-Kelly, Aspray, Akera, Olley, Priestley, Daylight, Mounier-Kuhn, Haigh, and others that several computing pioneers, including Aiken, Eckert, Mauchly, and Zuse, did not depend on Turing's 1936 universal-machine concept. Furthermore, (...) it is not clear whether any substance in von Neumann's celebrated 1945 ‘First Draft Report on the EDVAC’ is influenced in any identifiable way by Turing's work. This raises the questions: When does Turing enter the field? Why did the Association for Computing Machinery honor Turing by associating his name to ACM's most prestigious award, the Turing Award? Previous authors have.. (shrink)

I respond to Lennart Nordenfelt's analysis of dignity by questioning his attempt to establish an objective standard by which dignity can be determined. I approach this by considering the way in which claims to dignity may be contested and defended. This leads, in the cases of dignity of merit and dignity of moral status, to an apparent relativism. This relativism is checked by further consideration of dignity of identity, and in particular by consideration of the nature of the processes that (...) serve to humiliate people. It is suggested that acts of humiliation attack certain competences that human beings develop as embodied, social beings. Menschenwürde may then be articulated as an account of human nature, in terms of the human potential to develop a series of core competences. This account of human nature aspires to universality, and as such offers an objective ground to dignity. This paper is a product of the research project on Dignity and Older Europeans Programme, Contract No QLG6, 2001, 00888). (shrink)

Edgar Morin, philosophe militant pour une réforme de pensée qui affronte les complexités, et Tariq Ramadan, penseur et théologien militant pour une réforme radicale de la tradition islamique, dialoguent ensemble sur leurs divergences et sur la nécessité d'un humanisme revivifié. Les interlocuteurs, au-delà de leurs désaccords, attestent l'urgence d'affronter les problèmes essentiels de notre humanité et de résister au pire. De cette rencontre féconde naissent ces échanges sur la condition humaine et les grandes questions de notre temps – de (...) l'économie à l'art, de la philosophie à l'histoire, en passant par l'anthropologie et les sciences. Un livre-manifeste, contre le repli sur soi, une exhortation à l'ouverture et au dialogue. (shrink)

Much recent discussion of love concerns ‘the reasons for love’: whether we love for reasons and, if so, what sorts of things those reasons are. This chapter seeks to call into question some of the assumptions that have shaped this debate, in particular the assumption that love might be ‘responsive’ to reasons in something like the way that actions, beliefs, intentions and ordinary emotions are. I begin by drawing out some tensions in the existing literature on reasons for love, suggesting (...) that these arise in part because different interests expressed in the language of ‘reasons’ – the interests of explanation, justification and interpersonal understanding – pull us towards different kinds of account of reasons for love. This seems to count in favor of treating these interests separately, with different conceptions of the reasons that answer to them. This suggestion, as I explain, runs up against a certain conception of ‘responsiveness to reasons’, which I argue is implicitly assumed in many discussions of reasons for love. However, I argue that we should be skeptical about the application of this conception to love in light of the ontological differences between love and paradigm ‘reasons-responsive’ phenomena, potentially making room for the suggested methodological separation. (shrink)